Microsoft
- Event Logs
- Excel
- Installing Certificates on Windows
- Junctions
- Microsoft Remote Desktop Certificates
- Network Policy Server / NPS
- On-Prem to Azure DNS Migration
- OpenSSH on Windows
- PowerShell
- Active Directory
- Basics
- Errors and Solutions
- Firewall management
- Group Policy and PowerShell
- Querying Event Logs
- Snippets
- Useful PowerShell Commands
- Windows Network Management from the command line
- Resource Usage
- 64-bit or 32-bit machine / ps host / process
- TCP/IP Reset
- Teams
- Transitioning from old to new
- Useful MSSQL Queries
- Sysinternals
- Power Automate
Event Logs
GPO Drive Map Troubleshooting
<QueryList>
<Query Id="0" Path="System">
<Select Path="System">*[System[(EventID='4001')]]</Select>
<Select Path="System">*[System[(EventID='5017')]]</Select>
<Select Path="System">*[System[(EventID='5312')]]</Select>
<Select Path="System">*[System[(EventID='4016')]]</Select>
</Query>
</QueryList>
Windows IP address conflict
<QueryList>
<Query Id="0" Path="System">
<Select Path="System">*[System[(EventID='4199')]]</Select>
</Query>
</QueryList>
Log example:
The system detected an address conflict for IP address 10.X.Y.Z with the system having network hardware address 00-1F-FE-D8-31-00. Network operations on this system may be disrupted as a result.
Via PowerShell:
$query = @"
<QueryList>
<Query Id="0" Path="System">
<Select Path="System">*[System[(EventID='4199')]]</Select>
</Query>
</QueryList>
"@
$ipConflictEvents = Get-WinEvent -FilterXml $query -Oldest
$ipConflictEvents | Format-Table
Windows RDP-Related Event Logs
Below is a consolidated XML query of all of the event ids related in the above document. I have yet to have this actually solve a problem for me as of 5/30/2024. I still need to dive into the details of the individual log entries with different types and data.
<QueryList>
<Query Id="0" Path="System">
<Select Path="Microsoft-Windows-TerminalServices-RemoteConnectionManager/Operational">*</Select>
<Select Path="Security">*[System[(EventID=4624)]]</Select>
<Select Path="Security">*[System[(EventID=4625)]]</Select>
<Select Path="Security">*[System[(EventID=4634)]]</Select>
<Select Path="Security">*[System[(EventID=4647)]]</Select>
<Select Path="Security">*[System[(EventID=4778)]]</Select>
<Select Path="Security">*[System[(EventID=4779)]]</Select>
<Select Path="System">*[System[(EventID=9009)]]</Select>
</Query>
</QueryList>
#end
Excel
Conditional highlighting with functions
This is a collection of frequently used functions for conditional highlighting in Excel.
Highlight cells that are formatted dates and the dates are older than X days. Applies to =$A:$A if all dates you want highlighted are in the A column.
=IF(LEFT(CELL("format",A1),1)="D",IF(A1<TODAY()-37,TRUE,FALSE),FALSE)
:end
Installing Certificates on Windows
Using PowerShell to install into the Local Computer store
This can only be done with elevated privileges.
Import-Certificate -CertStoreLocation Cert:\LocalMachine\Root -FilePath cert.crt
Junctions
Finding junctions / reparse points
# return all reparse points on the C: volume
DIR C:\ /S /AL
Checking reparse points
fsutil reparsepoint query [dir/file]
#end
Microsoft Remote Desktop Certificates
Manually replacing RDP certificate
Install the new certificate in the Local Computer Personal store:
If no password is needed:
Import-PfxCertificate -CertStoreLocation Cert:\LocalMachine\My -FilePath cert.pfx
Or if a password is needed:
$mypwd = Get-Credential -UserName 'Enter password below' -Message 'Enter password below'
Import-PfxCertificate -CertStoreLocation Cert:\LocalMachine\My -Password $mypwd.Password -FilePath cert.pfx
After installing the new certificate in the Local Computer Personal store, run the following commands:
Set-Location Cert:\LocalMachine\my
Get-ChildItem
Pick the Thumbprint of the certificate you wish to use then run the following command using the proper thumbprint:
#Replace Certificate for RDS
wmic /namespace:\\root\cimv2\TerminalServices PATH Win32_TSGeneralSetting Set SSLCertificateSHA1Hash="[new_cert_thumbprint]"
This effectively updates the registry key:HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server\WinStations\RDP-Tcp\SSLCertificateSHA1Hash
Use the following command to verify that the proper certificate is being used:
Get-WmiObject "Win32_TSGeneralSetting" -Namespace root\cimv2\terminalservices -Filter "TerminalName='RDP-tcp'"
Windows Server 2022 method
Couldn't the WMI method to work on Windows Server 2022. This did.
$serverName = "MYTS01"
$certHash = "xxxxx"
$path = (Get-WmiObject "Win32_TSGeneralSetting" -ComputerName $serverName -Namespace root\cimv2\terminalservices -Filter "TerminalName='RDP-tcp'")
Set-WmiInstance -Path $path -Arguments @{SSLCertificateSHA1Hash=$certHash}
Signing RDP files
Use the rdpsign app to
rdpsign /sha256 xxxxxxxx "Remote Desktop File.rdp"
Windows Server 2022 Remote Desktop Services Deployment Management
Work in progress
$computerName = 'Somecomputer'
$remotePath = '\\10.10.10.10'
$certFilePath = '\\10.10.10.10\tmp\certs\mycert.pfx'
Enter-PSSession $computerName
# for non-domain RemotePath prefix the username with localhost: localhost\admin
$nasCredential = Get-Credential
New-SmbMapping -RemotePath $remotePath -UserName $nasCredential.UserName -Password $nasCredential.GetNetworkCredential().Password
# import the cert
Import-PfxCertificate -FilePath $certFilePath -CertStoreLocation Cert:\LocalMachine\My
cd Cert:\LocalMachine\My
dir
$certThumbprint = ''
# Check the Remote Desktop Services Deployment
Get-RDCertificate
# Update the RDS roles to use the provided certificate
Set-RDCertificate -Role RDRedirector -Thumbprint $certThumbprint
Set-RDCertificate -Role RDPublishing -Thumbprint $certThumbprint
Set-RDCertificate -Role RDWebAccess -Thumbprint $certThumbprint
Set-RDCertificate -Role RDGateway -Thumbprint $certThumbprint
# Check the Remote Desktop Services Deployment
Get-RDCertificate
#end
Network Policy Server / NPS
Enable NTLMv2 support for MSCHAPv2 RADIUS requests
Enables proxied radius requests when using things like radsecproxy, duoauthproxy, etc. Avoids the MS-CHAP-Error responses.
$registryPath = "HKLM:\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\RemoteAccess\Policy"
$propertyName = "Enable NTLMv2 Compatibility"
$propertyValue = "1"
New-ItemProperty -Path $registryPath -Name $propertyName -Value $propertyValue -PropertyType DWORD -Force
Stop-Service IAS
Sleep 2
Start-Service IAS
On-Prem to Azure DNS Migration
The Azure CLI can easily be used to do this migration. Here's the steps to use the Azure CLI:
- Create the new zone in Azure via the portal or the azure-cli create command.
- Export the newly created zone from Azure to get the new SOA and NS records.
- Open the original zone file to import into Azure.
- Delete the existing SOA and NS records.
- Copy the exported SOA and NS records and paste them into the original zone file.
- Update the SOA serial number. The recommended format is YYYYMMDD1
- Save the changes to the original zone file.
- Use the azure-cli command to import the zone file.
- Go to the Azure Portal and validate that the zone file was imported correctly. A visual inspection of records is highly recommended for thoroughness.
- Once validated, go to the registrar and update the name servers.
The above process can be accomplished through the portal by creating the zone and manually adding each record. Don't forget to update the serial number in the SOA record of the newly created zone.
Azure CLI command to import zone file
Note the zone file must be properly formatted. The first record must be the SOA resource, and the NS records have to match the Azure DNS NS records.
az network dns zone import -g [Azure-Resource-Group] -n [zone_name] -f [imported_zone_file]
Azure CLI command to export zone file from Azure
az network dns zone export -g [Azure-Resource-Group] -n [zone_name] -f [exported_zone_file]
OpenSSH on Windows
Check if OpenSSH is available
Get-WindowsCapability -Online | Where-Object Name -like 'OpenSSH*'
Install OpenSSH Client and Server
# Install the OpenSSH Client
Add-WindowsCapability -Online -Name OpenSSH.Client~~~~0.0.1.0
# Install the OpenSSH Server
Add-WindowsCapability -Online -Name OpenSSH.Server~~~~0.0.1.0
Start OpenSSH Server
# Start the sshd service
Start-Service sshd
Set OpenSSH Server to start automatically on boot
# OPTIONAL but recommended:
Set-Service -Name sshd -StartupType 'Automatic'
Make sure the firewall doesn't block the OpenSSH Server
# Confirm the Firewall rule is configured. It should be created automatically by setup. Run the following to verify
if (!(Get-NetFirewallRule -Name "OpenSSH-Server-In-TCP" -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue | Select-Object Name, Enabled)) {
Write-Output "Firewall Rule 'OpenSSH-Server-In-TCP' does not exist, creating it..."
New-NetFirewallRule -Name 'OpenSSH-Server-In-TCP' -DisplayName 'OpenSSH Server (sshd)' -Enabled True -Direction Inbound -Protocol TCP -Action Allow -LocalPort 22
} else {
Write-Output "Firewall rule 'OpenSSH-Server-In-TCP' has been created and exists."
}
Run sshd on an alternate port
Edit the Port line in C:\ProgramData\ssh\sshd_config
:
Port 12322
Use the following command to update the Windows Firewall rule to match the port you specified above:
Set-NetFirewallRule -Name 'OpenSSH-Server-In-TCP' -LocalPort 12322
Require publickey and password authentication
Add the following line to C:\ProgramData\ssh\sshd_config
AuthenticationMethods "publickey,password"
publickey authentication for administrators
Public keys for administrators must be put in the file %PROGRAMDATA%/ssh/administrators_authorized_keys
. Use the script below to make sure the file has proper permissions.
$acl = Get-Acl C:\ProgramData\ssh\administrators_authorized_keys
$acl.SetAccessRuleProtection($true, $false)
$administratorsRule = New-Object system.security.accesscontrol.filesystemaccessrule("Administrators","FullControl","Allow")
$systemRule = New-Object system.security.accesscontrol.filesystemaccessrule("SYSTEM","FullControl","Allow")
$acl.SetAccessRule($administratorsRule)
$acl.SetAccessRule($systemRule)
$acl | Set-Acl
Stop and Start the sshd service
Stop-Service sshd
Start-Service sshd
netstat -an -p TCP | find '"22"'
Example configuration
Port 12322
#PubkeyAuthentication yes
AuthenticationMethods "publickey,password"
AuthorizedKeysFile .ssh/authorized_keys
#PasswordAuthentication yes
#PermitEmptyPasswords no
# override default of no subsystems
Subsystem sftp sftp-server.exe
Match Group administrators
AuthorizedKeysFile __PROGRAMDATA__/ssh/administrators_authorized_keys
Use PowerShell as default interpreter
# Legacy PowerShell
New-ItemProperty -Path "HKLM:\SOFTWARE\OpenSSH" -Name DefaultShell -Value "C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe" -PropertyType String -Force
# PowerShell v7
New-ItemProperty -Path "HKLM:\SOFTWARE\OpenSSH" -Name DefaultShell -Value "C:\Program Files\PowerShell\7\pwsh.exe" -PropertyType String -Force
#end
PowerShell
Active Directory
Get-SMBOpenFile
Basics
Errors and Solutions
This page contains a list of common PowerShell errors and their solutions.
Invoke-WebRequest : The request was aborted: Could not create SSL/TLS secure channel.
The cause of the error is that PowerShell, by default, uses TLS 1.0 to make https requests. TLS 1.0 has been broken for a long time now and is no longer supported by most websites. You can change this behavior with running any of the below command to use all protocols. You can also specify single protocol.
[Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol = "Tls12"
[Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol = [Net.SecurityProtocolType]::Tls, [Net.SecurityProtocolType]::Tls11, [Net.SecurityProtocolType]::Tls12, [Net.SecurityProtocolType]::Ssl3
[Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol = "Tls, Tls11, Tls12, Ssl3"
#end
Firewall management
List firewall rules with ICMP in the DisplayName
Get-NetFirewallRule | Where-Object DisplayName -Like "*ICMP*" | Sort-Object Enabled,Name | Format-Table
Enable ICMP Echo Request
Set-NetFirewallRule -DisplayName "File and Printer Sharing (Echo Request - ICMPv4-In)" -enabled True
Set-NetFirewallRule -DisplayName "File and Printer Sharing (Echo Request - ICMPv6-In)" -enabled True
Group Policy and PowerShell
You can manage Group Policy via PowerShell... who knew!? 🤣
Listing GPOs
Get-GPO -All | Sort-Object -Property DisplayName | FT -Property DisplayName,Owner,GpoStatus,Description
Get-GPO -All -Domain domain.loc -Server dc1.domain.loc | Sort-Object -Property DisplayName | FT -Property DisplayName,Owner,GpoStatus,Description
Generating GPO reports
# Generate a GPO Report for a single named GPO
$gpoName = "PowerShell Logging"
Get-GPO -All | Where-Object { $_.DisplayName -eq $gpoName } | ForEach-Object {
$reportPath = "C:\GPOReports\" + $_.DisplayName + ".html"
Get-GPOReport -GUID $_.ID -ReportType HTML -Path "$($reportPath)"
}
# Generate GPO reports for all GPOs in the current domain
$queryDomain = $env:USERDNSDOMAIN
$queryServer = ($env:LOGONSERVER).replace("\\","") + "." + $env:USERDNSDOMAIN
Get-GPO -All -Domain $queryDomain -Server $queryServer | Sort-Object -Property DisplayName | ForEach-Object {
$reportPath = "C:\GPOReports\" + $_.DomainName + " - " + $_.DisplayName.replace("/","_") + ".html"
"Generating report for $($_.DisplayName) in $($reportPath)..."
Get-GPOReport -Domain $queryDomain -Server $queryServer -GUID $_.ID -ReportType HTML -Path "$($reportPath)"
}
#end
Querying Event Logs
I noticed that there is a huge speed difference between using an XML Query and PowerShell Get-EventLog piped through Where-Object to filter event logs. Thanks to this article, I learned how to use the XML Query via PowerShell, so you get the best of both worlds.
Know your version
Here's different commands that will show you which version PowerShell you're running.
$PSVersionTable.PSVersion
Get-Host
$host
$host.version
General concepts
There are two different cmdlets for accessing Windows Event Logs. Get-WinEvent is a newer version of Get-EventLog.
Get-WinEvent
- You have access to more information
- Because you have more information, it might take more effort to filter the data
Get-EventLog
- One clear advantage: you can use the -After and -Before attributes to easily filter results by date
Filtering results
If you want to know how to filter the results, simply pipe the cmdlet to Get-Member:
Get-EventLog system -newest 1 | Get-Member
The output of the command clearly shows you the methods and properties returned:
PS C:\> Get-EventLog system -newest 1 | Get-Member
TypeName: System.Diagnostics.EventLogEntry#system/nhi/1074012975
Name MemberType Definition
---- ---------- ----------
Disposed Event System.EventHandler Disposed(System.Object, System.EventArgs)
CreateObjRef Method System.Runtime.Remoting.ObjRef CreateObjRef(type requestedType)
Dispose Method void Dispose(), void IDisposable.Dispose()
Equals Method bool Equals(System.Diagnostics.EventLogEntry otherEntry), bool Equals(System.Object obj)
GetHashCode Method int GetHashCode()
GetLifetimeService Method System.Object GetLifetimeService()
GetObjectData Method void ISerializable.GetObjectData(System.Runtime.Serialization.SerializationInfo info, System.Runtime.Serialization.StreamingContext context)
GetType Method type GetType()
InitializeLifetimeService Method System.Object InitializeLifetimeService()
ToString Method string ToString()
Category Property string Category {get;}
CategoryNumber Property int16 CategoryNumber {get;}
Container Property System.ComponentModel.IContainer Container {get;}
Data Property byte[] Data {get;}
EntryType Property System.Diagnostics.EventLogEntryType EntryType {get;}
Index Property int Index {get;}
InstanceId Property long InstanceId {get;}
MachineName Property string MachineName {get;}
Message Property string Message {get;}
ReplacementStrings Property string[] ReplacementStrings {get;}
Site Property System.ComponentModel.ISite Site {get;set;}
Source Property string Source {get;}
TimeGenerated Property datetime TimeGenerated {get;}
TimeWritten Property datetime TimeWritten {get;}
UserName Property string UserName {get;}
EventID ScriptProperty System.Object EventID {get=$this.get_EventID() -band 0xFFFF;}
Get-EventLog Examples
# Show available event logs and stats
Get-EventLog -List
# get the most recent 10 system log entries
# just change the LogName from System to Application, Security, etc. to access other logs
Get-EventLog -LogName System -Newest 10
# get all system logs from the last 4 hours
Get-EventLog -LogName System -After (Get-Date).AddHours(-4)
# get all system logs from the last 24 hours
Get-EventLog -LogName System -After (Get-Date).AddDays(-1)
# View specific event using the event Index
Get-EventLog -LogName System -Index [Event_Index_Number] | Format-List
# get the most recent 10 entries from a specific source
Get-EventLog -LogName System -Source Kerberos -Newest 10
Get-EventLog -LogName System -Source Microsoft-Windows-WLAN-AutoConfig -Newest 10
# Get system logs from the last 24 hours from Source WLAN-AutoConfig
Get-EventLog -LogName system -After (Get-Date).AddDays(-1) -Source Microsoft-Windows-WLAN-AutoConfig
# get the most recent 10 Error entries
Get-EventLog -LogName Application -EventType Error -Newest 10
Get-EventLog -LogName Security -EventType Error -Newest 10
Get-EventLog -LogName System -EventType Error -Newest 10
# Get list of Event Log Sources from the System log from the last 8 hours sorted by log count
Get-EventLog -LogName System -after (Get-Date).AddHours(-8) | Group-Object -Property Source -NoElement | Select-Object -Property Count, Name | Sort-Object -Descending Count
# Find logins in the last 24 hours
Get-EventLog system -after (get-date).AddDays(-1) | where {$_.InstanceId -eq 7001}
# Find last computer start
$today = get-date -Hour 0 -Minute 0;
Get-EventLog system -after $today | sort -Descending | select -First 1
# Find logins and logoffs in the last 7 days
$logs = get-eventlog system -source Microsoft-Windows-Winlogon -After (Get-Date).AddDays(-7);
$res = @(); ForEach ($log in $logs) {if($log.instanceid -eq 7001) {$type = "Logon"} Elseif ($log.instanceid -eq 7002){$type="Logoff"} Else {Continue} $res += New-Object PSObject -Property @{Time = $log.TimeWritten; "Event" = $type; User = (New-Object System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier $Log.ReplacementStrings[1]).Translate([System.Security.Principal.NTAccount])}};
$res
Get-WinEvent Examples
# Get user Logon / Logoff events
Get-WinEvent -FilterHashtable @{
LogName='System'
ProviderName='Microsoft-Windows-Winlogon'
ID=7001,7002
}
Get-WinEvent -FilterHashtable @{
LogName='Application'
ProviderName='.NET Runtime'
Keywords=36028797018963968
ID=1023
Level=2
}
Formatting output
You can see what formatters are available on any system using the following command
Get-Command -Verb Format -Module Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility
Below is the output on Windows 11 as of 10/31/2023
PS C:\> Get-Command -Verb Format -Module Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility
CommandType Name Version Source
----------- ---- ------- ------
Function Format-Hex 3.1.0.0 Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility
Cmdlet Format-Custom 3.1.0.0 Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility
Cmdlet Format-List 3.1.0.0 Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility
Cmdlet Format-Table 3.1.0.0 Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility
Cmdlet Format-Wide 3.1.0.0 Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility
You also have access to the following cmdlets for other output formats
Export-CliXml
# Export-Clixml exports an XML representation of an object or objects and stores it in a file
Get-Acl C:\Windows | Export-CliXml -Path .\c-windows-acl.xml
# You can use Import-CliXml to save the stored object or objects back to a variable
$WindowsFolderACL = Import-CliXml -Path .\c-windows-acl.xml
Export-Csv
# Export-Csv - Add an example later
Redirecting data with Out-* cmdlets
Out-Host -Paging
Get-Process | Out-Host -Paging | Format-List
Get-Process | Format-List | Out-Host -Paging
Get-Command | Out-Null
Get-Command Get-Command | Out-Printer -Name 'Microsoft Office Document Image Writer'
Get-Process | Out-File -FilePath C:\temp\processlist.txt
Get-Command | Out-File -FilePath c:\temp\output.txt -Width 2147483647
Get-EventLog -LogName System -After (Get-Date).AddDays(-1) -EntryType Error | Out-GridView
Grouping output
Remember to use the Get-Member cmdlet to see what properties you can use with Sort-Object and -GroupBy
Get-Service -Name win* | Sort-Object StartType | Format-Table -GroupBy StartType -AutoSize
PS C:\> Get-Service -Name win* | Sort-Object StartType | Format-Table -GroupBy StartType -AutoSize
StartType: Automatic
Status Name DisplayName
------ ---- -----------
Running Winmgmt Windows Management Instrumentation
Running WinDefend Microsoft Defender Antivirus Service
StartType: Manual
Status Name DisplayName
------ ---- -----------
Stopped WinRM Windows Remote Management (WS-Management)
Running WinHttpAutoProxySvc WinHTTP Web Proxy Auto-Discovery Service
Querying for specific logs
System uptime related logs
For the actual current system uptime via PowerShell, look here. The code below will show actual related event log entries.
Use this XML Filter in the Windows Event Viewer to create a custom filtered view of Kernel-General "The operating system started at system time..." events.
Event ID | Description |
12 | |
13 | |
41 | The system has rebooted without cleanly shutting down first. This error could be caused if the system stopped responding, crashed, or lost power unexpectedly. |
1074 | Logged when an app (ex: Windows Update) causes the system to restart, or when a user initiates a restart or shutdown. |
6006 | Logged as a clean shutdown. It gives the message "The Event log service was stopped". |
6008 | Logged as a dirty shutdown. It gives the message "The previous system shutdown at time on date was unexpected". |
$query = @"
<QueryList>
<Query Id="0" Path="System">
<Select Path="System">*[System[(EventID='12')]]</Select>
<Select Path="System">*[System[(EventID='13')]]</Select>
<Select Path="System">*[System[(EventID='41')]]</Select>
<Select Path="System">*[System[(EventID='1074')]]</Select>
<Select Path="System">*[System[(EventID='6006')]]</Select>
<Select Path="System">*[System[(EventID='6008')]]</Select>
</Query>
</QueryList>
"@
Get-WinEvent -FilterXml $query | Format-List
Finding account lockouts.
XML Query
Use this XML Filter in the Windows Event Viewer to create a custom filtered view displaying account lockouts.
<QueryList>
<Query Id="0" Path="Security">
<Select Path="Security">
*[
System[(EventID='4740')]
]
</Select>
</Query>
</QueryList>
PowerShell Script - Slow method
Get-EventLog -LogName Security | Where-Object {$_.EventID -eq 4740} |
Select-Object -Property TimeGenerated, Source, EventID, InstanceId, Message
PowerShell Script - Fast method
$query = @"
<QueryList>
<Query Id="0" Path="Security">
<Select Path="Security">
*[
System[(EventID='4740')]
]
</Select>
</Query>
</QueryList>
"@
Get-WinEvent -FilterXml $query | Format-List
Finding account lockouts for a particular user.
XML Query
Use this XML Filter in the Windows Event Viewer to create a custom filtered view displaying account lockouts for the administrator user.
<QueryList>
<Query Id="0" Path="Security">
<Select Path="Security">
*[
EventData[Data[@Name='TargetUserName']='administrator']
and
System[(EventID='4740')]
]
</Select>
</Query>
</QueryList>
PowerShell Script - Fast method
$query = @"
<QueryList>
<Query Id="0" Path="Security">
<Select Path="Security">
*[
EventData[Data[@Name='TargetUserName']='administrator']
and
System[(EventID='4740')]
]
</Select>
</Query>
</QueryList>
"@
Get-WinEvent -FilterXml $query | Format-List
NPS + Azure MFA Logs - XML Query
XML Filter for custom filtered view that suppresses accounting event logs.
<QueryXML>
<QueryList>
<Query Id="0" Path="System">
<Select Path="System">*[System[Provider[@Name='NPS']]]</Select>
<Select Path="Security">*[System[Provider[@Name='Microsoft-Windows-Security-Auditing'] and Task = 12552]]</Select>
<Suppress Path="Security">*[System[Provider[@Name='Microsoft-Windows-Security-Auditing'] and Task = 12552 and (Data='Network Policy Server discarded the accounting request for a user.')]]</Suppress>
<Select Path="Security">*[System[Provider[@Name='Microsoft-Windows-Security-Auditing']]] and *[EventData[Data[@Name='LogonProcessName'] and (Data='IAS')]]</Select>
<Select Path="AuthNOptCh">*</Select>
<Select Path="AuthZAdminCh">*</Select>
<Select Path="AuthZOptCh">*</Select>
</Query>
</QueryList>
</QueryXML>
NPS Logs - XML Query
XML Filter for custom filtered view that suppresses accounting event logs.
<QueryXML>
<QueryList>
<Query Id="0" Path="System">
<Select Path="System">*[System[Provider[@Name='NPS']]]</Select>
<Select Path="Security">*[System[Provider[@Name='Microsoft-Windows-Security-Auditing'] and Task = 12552]]</Select>
<Suppress Path="Security">*[System[Provider[@Name='Microsoft-Windows-Security-Auditing'] and Task = 12552 and (Data='Network Policy Server discarded the accounting request for a user.')]]</Suppress>
<Select Path="Security">*[System[Provider[@Name='Microsoft-Windows-Security-Auditing']]] and *[EventData[Data[@Name='LogonProcessName'] and (Data='IAS')]]</Select>
</Query>
</QueryList>
</QueryXML>
Disk logs
XML Query
XML Filter for custom filtered view for disk events.
<QueryList>
<Query Id="0" Path="System">
<Select Path="System">*[System[Provider[@Name='disk']]]</Select>
</Query>
</QueryList>
VPN Client Logs
PowerShell Query
$query = @"
<QueryList>
<Query Id="0" Path="Application">
<Select Path="Application">*[System[Provider[@Name='RasAuto' or @Name='RasCfg' or @Name='RasClient' or @Name='Rasman' or @Name='Microsoft-Windows-RasServer' or @Name='Microsoft-Windows-RasSstp' or @Name='Microsoft-Windows-EapMethods-RasChap' or @Name='Microsoft-Windows-NcdAutoSetup' or @Name='Microsoft-Windows-NCSI' or @Name='Microsoft-Windows-NetworkProfile']]]</Select>
<Select Path="System">*[System[Provider[@Name='RasAuto' or @Name='RasCfg' or @Name='RasClient' or @Name='Rasman' or @Name='Microsoft-Windows-RasServer' or @Name='Microsoft-Windows-RasSstp' or @Name='Microsoft-Windows-EapMethods-RasChap' or @Name='Microsoft-Windows-NcdAutoSetup' or @Name='Microsoft-Windows-NCSI' or @Name='Microsoft-Windows-NetworkProfile']]]</Select>
</Query>
</QueryList>
"@
$vpnEvents = Get-WinEvent -FilterXml $query -Oldest
# Displays events from the last 24 hours grouped by ProviderName
# This is the best view for easily browsing
$vpnEvents | ?{$_.TimeCreated -ge (Get-Date).Addhours(-24)}
# Displays events from the last 24 hours as a time sorted list
$vpnEvents | ?{$_.TimeCreated -ge (Get-Date).Addhours(-24)} | Format-List
XML Query
<QueryList>
<Query Id="0" Path="Application">
<Select Path="Application">*[System[Provider[@Name='RasAuto' or @Name='RasCfg' or @Name='RasClient' or @Name='Rasman' or @Name='Microsoft-Windows-RasServer' or @Name='Microsoft-Windows-RasSstp' or @Name='Microsoft-Windows-EapMethods-RasChap' or @Name='Microsoft-Windows-NcdAutoSetup' or @Name='Microsoft-Windows-NCSI' or @Name='Microsoft-Windows-NetworkProfile']]]</Select>
<Select Path="System">*[System[Provider[@Name='RasAuto' or @Name='RasCfg' or @Name='RasClient' or @Name='Rasman' or @Name='Microsoft-Windows-RasServer' or @Name='Microsoft-Windows-RasSstp' or @Name='Microsoft-Windows-EapMethods-RasChap' or @Name='Microsoft-Windows-NcdAutoSetup' or @Name='Microsoft-Windows-NCSI' or @Name='Microsoft-Windows-NetworkProfile']]]</Select>
</Query>
</QueryList>
Searching for Wired/WLAN-AutoConfig related errors
Wired-AutoConfig
#Powershell
$addhours = 12;
# Setup filter for error only logs
$filter = @{ LogName = "Microsoft-Windows-Wired-AutoConfig/Operational"
StartTime = [DateTime]::Now.AddHours($addhours*-1)
EndTime = [DateTime]::Now
Level = 2
}
Write-Host ([DateTime]::Now.AddHours($addhours*-1))
Write-Host ([DateTime]::Now)
$Events = Get-Winevent -FilterHashtable $filter
# Parse out the event message data
ForEach ($Event in $Events) {
# Convert the event to XML
$eventXML = [xml]$Event.ToXml()
# Iterate through each one of the XML message properties
For ($i=0; $i -lt $eventXML.Event.EventData.Data.Count; $i++) {
# Append these as object properties
Add-Member -InputObject $Event -MemberType NoteProperty -Force -Name $eventXML.Event.EventData.Data[$i].name -Value $eventXML.Event.EventData.Data[$i].'#text'
}
}
# Show results stored in variable
$Events | Format-List
WLAN-AutoConfig
#Powershell
$addhours = 12;
# Setup filter for error only logs
$filter = @{ LogName = "Microsoft-Windows-WLAN-AutoConfig/Operational"
StartTime = [DateTime]::Now.AddHours($addhours*-1)
EndTime = [DateTime]::Now
Level = 2
}
Write-Host ([DateTime]::Now.AddHours($addhours*-1))
Write-Host ([DateTime]::Now)
$Events = Get-Winevent -FilterHashtable $filter
# Parse out the event message data
ForEach ($Event in $Events) {
# Convert the event to XML
$eventXML = [xml]$Event.ToXml()
# Iterate through each one of the XML message properties
For ($i=0; $i -lt $eventXML.Event.EventData.Data.Count; $i++) {
# Append these as object properties
Add-Member -InputObject $Event -MemberType NoteProperty -Force -Name $eventXML.Event.EventData.Data[$i].name -Value $eventXML.Event.EventData.Data[$i].'#text'
}
}
$Events | Select-Object id, MachineName, ProcessId,TimeCreated, Adapter, LocalMac, SSID, Cipher, Auth, PeerMac | Format-List
# Show results stored in variable
$Events | Select-Object id, MachineName, ProcessId,TimeCreated, Adapter, LocalMac, SSID, Cipher, Auth, PeerMac | Format-List
Show available wireless profiles and available wireless networks
# show profiles
netsh wlan show profiles
# show available networks
netsh wlan show networks
Duo Security Events
# Get Duo Security related events
Get-WinEvent -FilterHashtable @{
LogName='Application'
ProviderName='Duo Security'
}
Sources: 1
Snippets
While a file exists or not
# while a file exists
While (Test-Path C:\Temp\File_I_Want_Gone.txt -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue) {
# Do something here while the file exists
}
# while a file doesn't exists
While (!(Test-Path C:\Temp\File_I_Want_Gone.txt -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue)) {
# Do something here while the file doesn't exists
}
# while a file exists
While (Test-Path C:\Temp\File_I_Want_Gone.txt -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue) {
# try to delete the file, continue silently if we can't
Remove-Item "C:\Temp\File_I_Want_Gone.txt" -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
# print date each time just to give some sort of feedback on the console
Get-Date
}
Useful PowerShell Commands
Placeholder
Select-String is the Grep equivalent
Examples:
# Searching for multiple patterns at the same time
Select-String -Path "*.txt" -Pattern "Pattern1","Pattern2","Pattern3"
# Only return the first 10 results
Select-String -Path "*.txt" -Pattern "Pattern1","Pattern2","Pattern3" | Select-Object -First 10
# Searching for IP addresses
Select-String -Path "*.log" -Pattern '\b\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\b' | Select-Object -First 10
Uptime
The script below will give you the uptime in any version of PowerShell.
Get-CimInstance -ClassName Win32_OperatingSystem | Select LastBootUpTime
The Get-Uptime cmdlet was introduced in PowerShell 6.0.
Get-Uptime
Format processes by start date
This command will show a lot of errors if you're not running PowerShell as Administrator.
Get-Process | Sort-Object StartTime | Format-Table -View StartTime
Active Directory Account Information
This command will show you the date of the last password set for a user.
Get-ADUser -Identity [USERNAME] -properties * | select accountexpirationdate, accountexpires, accountlockouttime, badlogoncount, padpwdcount, lastbadpasswordattempt, lastlogondate, lockedout, passwordexpired, passwordlastset, pwdlastset | format-list
Sources:
PowerShell Format-Table
Active Directory Account Password Expiration
The old way:
net use userName /domain
The PowerShell way:
Get-ADUser -identity userName –Properties "DisplayName", "msDS-UserPasswordExpiryTimeComputed" |
Select-Object -Property "Displayname",@{Name="ExpiryDate";Expression={[datetime]::FromFileTime($_."msDS-UserPasswordExpiryTimeComputed")}}
Active Directory OU Account Password Expiration
Get-ADUser -filter * -SearchBase "OU=Management,OU=ADPRO Users,DC=ad,DC=activedirectorypro,DC=com" –Properties "DisplayName", "msDS-UserPasswordExpiryTimeComputed" | Select-Object -Property "Displayname",@{Name="ExpiryDate";Expression={[datetime]::FromFileTime($_."msDS-UserPasswordExpiryTimeComputed")}}
View physical network interfaces
# Show all physical devices
Get-NetAdapter -Physical | Sort-Object -Property MediaType,Name | Format-Table ifIndex,MediaType,InterfaceMetric,Name,InterfaceDescription,Status,MacAddress,LinkSpeed
Get interface metrics
# IPv4 - Display interfaces sorted by metric and alias
Get-NetIPInterface -AddressFamily IPv4 | Sort InterfaceMetric,InterfaceAlias
# IPv6 - Display interfaces sorted by metric and alias
Get-NetIPInterface -AddressFamily IPv6 | Sort InterfaceMetric,InterfaceAlias
# All - Display interfaces sorted by metric and alias
Get-NetIPInterface | Sort InterfaceMetric,InterfaceAlias
Set interface metrics
The following commands will set Ethernet interfaces to be preferred over wireless interfaces by manipulating the InterfaceMetric of each device. If there are more than one Ethernet and/or Wireless interface on the machine, you may want to adjust these metrics further to provide a more detailed use order.
Ethernet first, then wireless:
# Set Ethernet devices interface metric to 11
Get-NetAdapter -Physical | Where {$_.MediaType -eq "802.3"} | Set-NetIPInterface -InterfaceMetric 11
# Set Wireless devices interface metric to 12
Get-NetAdapter -Physical | Where {$_.MediaType -eq "Native 802.11"} | Set-NetIPInterface -InterfaceMetric 12
Wireless first, then Ethernet:
# Set Wireless devices interface metric to 12
Get-NetAdapter -Physical | Where {$_.MediaType -eq "Native 802.11"} | Set-NetIPInterface -InterfaceMetric 12
# Set Ethernet devices interface metric to 13
Get-NetAdapter -Physical | Where {$_.MediaType -eq "802.3"} | Set-NetIPInterface -InterfaceMetric 13
Is your Office installation 32 or 64 bit?
# .platform value will be either x86 for 32-bit or x64 for 64-bit
$officeCheck = (Get-ItemProperty -Path "HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Office\ClickToRun\Configuration").platform
if ($officeCheck -eq 'x64'){
Write-Output "Office is 64 bit."
}
else {
Write-Output "Office is 32 bit."
}
Exporting Event Logs using Out-HTMLView
You can use the Out-HTMLView module to view or save and view later.
$executionPolicy = Get-ExecutionPolicy
#Set-ExecutionPolicy -Scope Process -ExecutionPolicy Bypass -Force
Set-ExecutionPolicy -Scope Process -ExecutionPolicy Unrestricted -Force
try { Import-Module -Name PSWriteHTML }
catch {
Install-Module -Name PSWriteHTML
Import-Module -Name PSWriteHTML
}
$lastHours = -4
$timeStamp = (Get-Date).ToString('yyyyMMdd_HHmmss')
$systemEventLogFile = ("$($env:TEMP)\$($timeStamp)_eventlogs_system_Out-HTMLView.html")
$applicationEventLogFile = ("$($env:TEMP)\$($timeStamp)_eventlogs_system_Out-HTMLView.html")
Get-EventLog -LogName System -After (Get-Date).AddHours($lastHours) | Out-HTMLView -FilePath $systemEventLogFile
Get-EventLog -LogName Application -After (Get-Date).AddHours($lastHours) | Out-HTMLView -FilePath $applicationEventLogFile
Write-Host ("Event Logs for the last $($lastHours) hours saved to the following files:")
Write-Host ("$($systemEventLogFile)")
Write-Host ("$($applicationEventLogFile)")
#end
List installed Windows Features
Get-WindowsFeature | Where-Object {$_. installstate -eq "installed"}
CPU utilization
Get-Counter -ComputerName localhost '\Process(*)\% Processor Time' `
| Select-Object -ExpandProperty countersamples `
| Select-Object -Property instancename, cookedvalue `
| Sort-Object -Property cookedvalue -Descending | Select-Object -First 20 `
| ft InstanceName,@{L='CPU';E={($_.Cookedvalue/100).toString('P')}} -AutoSize
Windows Network Management from the command line
Get interface metrics
# IPv4 - Display interfaces sorted by metric and alias
Get-NetIPInterface -AddressFamily IPv4 | Sort InterfaceMetric,InterfaceAlias
# IPv6 - Display interfaces sorted by metric and alias
Get-NetIPInterface -AddressFamily IPv6 | Sort InterfaceMetric,InterfaceAlias
# All - Display interfaces sorted by metric and alias
Get-NetIPInterface | Sort InterfaceMetric,InterfaceAlias
Set interface metrics
The following commands will set Ethernet interfaces to be preferred over wireless interfaces by manipulating the InterfaceMetric of each device. If there are more than one Ethernet and/or Wireless interface on the machine, you may want to adjust these metrics further to provide a more detailed use order.
# Set Ethernet devices interface metric to 11
Get-NetAdapter -Physical | Where {$_.MediaType -eq "802.3"} | Set-NetIPInterface -InterfaceMetric 11
# Set Wireless devices interface metric to 12
Get-NetAdapter -Physical | Where {$_.MediaType -eq "Native 802.11"} | Set-NetIPInterface -InterfaceMetric 12
netsh and firewall
# turn off Windows firewall for all profiles
netsh advfirewall set allprofiles state off
netsh wireless
# show wireless LAN interfaces on the system
netsh wlan show interfaces
# show properties of the wireless LAN drivers on the system
netsh wlan show drivers
# show list of networks visible on the system
netsh wlan show networks
# show more detailed information on visible networks
netsh wlan show networks mode=bssid
# show a list of profiles configured on the systme
netsh wlan show profiles
# connect to an SSID using a Profile
netsh wlan connect ssid=[ssid] name=[profile]
# disconnect all wireless interfaces
netsh wlan disconnect
Setting IPv4 address using netsh
netsh interface ipv4 show config
# set IPv4 address and dns on an interface using dhcp
netsh interface ipv4 set address name="Ethernet" source=dhcp
netsh interface ipv4 set dns name="Ethernet" source=dhcp
# set IPv4 address on an interface
netsh interface ipv4 set address name="Ethernet" static 10.1.1.84 255.255.255.0 10.1.1.1
# set DNS servers on an interface
netsh interface ipv4 set dns name="Ethernet" static 8.8.8.8 1.1.1.1
#end
Resource Usage
SYSTEMINFO
You can cheat and use good old SYSTEMINFO from any command line. This will give you fairly comprehensive system information.
systeminfo
Memory Usage
Again you can cheat, use SYSTEMINFO and filter the output:
systeminfo | Select-String 'Memory:'
The code snippet below will work with PowerShell 3.0 and newer
if ([Environment]::Is64BitOperatingSystem) {
#64 bit logic here
get-process | Group-Object -Property ProcessName |
% {
[PSCustomObject]@{
ProcessName = $_.Name
Mem_MB = [math]::Round(($_.Group|Measure-Object WorkingSet64 -Sum).Sum / 1MB, 0)
ProcessCount = $_.Count
}
} | sort -desc Mem_MB | Select-Object -First 25
} else {
#32 bit logic here
get-process | Group-Object -Property ProcessName |
% {
[PSCustomObject]@{
ProcessName = $_.Name
Mem_MB = [math]::Round(($_.Group|Measure-Object WorkingSet -Sum).Sum / 1MB, 0)
ProcessCount = $_.Count
}
} | sort -desc Mem_MB | Select-Object -First 25
}
The code below will execute on Windows 7 and newer.
if ((Get-WmiObject win32_operatingsystem | select osarchitecture).osarchitecture -eq "64-bit") {
#64 bit logic here
get-process | Group-Object -Property ProcessName |
% {
[PSCustomObject]@{
ProcessName = $_.Name
Mem_MB = [math]::Round(($_.Group|Measure-Object WorkingSet64 -Sum).Sum / 1MB, 0)
ProcessCount = $_.Count
}
} | sort -desc Mem_MB | Select-Object -First 25
} else {
#32 bit logic here
get-process | Group-Object -Property ProcessName |
% {
[PSCustomObject]@{
ProcessName = $_.Name
Mem_MB = [math]::Round(($_.Group|Measure-Object WorkingSet -Sum).Sum / 1MB, 0)
ProcessCount = $_.Count
}
} | sort -desc Mem_MB | Select-Object -First 25
}
64-bit or 32-bit machine / ps host / process
Various ways of determining if the system is 64-bit or 32-bit
[Source]
# Get the path where powershell resides. If the caller passes -use32 then
# make sure we are returning back a 32 bit version of powershell regardless
# of the current machine architecture
function Get-PowerShellPath() {
param ( [switch]$use32=$false,
[string]$version="1.0" )
if ( $use32 -and (test-win64machine) ) {
return (join-path $env:windir "syswow64\WindowsPowerShell\v$version\powershell.exe")
}
return (join-path $env:windir "System32\WindowsPowerShell\v$version\powershell.exe")
}
# Is this a Win64 machine regardless of whether or not we are currently
# running in a 64 bit mode
function Test-Win64Machine() {
return test-path (join-path $env:WinDir "SysWow64")
}
# Is this a Wow64 powershell host
function Test-Wow64() {
return (Test-Win32) -and (test-path env:\PROCESSOR_ARCHITEW6432)
}
# Is this a 64 bit process
function Test-Win64() {
return [IntPtr]::size -eq 8
}
# Is this a 32 bit process
function Test-Win32() {
return [IntPtr]::size -eq 4
}
function Get-ProgramFiles32() {
if (Test-Win64 ) {
return ${env:ProgramFiles(x86)}
}
return $env:ProgramFiles
}
function Invoke-Admin() {
param ( [string]$program = $(throw "Please specify a program" ),
[string]$argumentString = "",
[switch]$waitForExit )
$psi = new-object "Diagnostics.ProcessStartInfo"
$psi.FileName = $program
$psi.Arguments = $argumentString
$psi.Verb = "runas"
$proc = [Diagnostics.Process]::Start($psi)
if ( $waitForExit ) {
$proc.WaitForExit();
}
}
# Run the specified script as an administrator
function Invoke-ScriptAdmin() {
param ( [string]$scriptPath = $(throw "Please specify a script"),
[switch]$waitForExit,
[switch]$use32=$false )
$argString = ""
for ( $i = 0; $i -lt $args.Length; $i++ ) {
$argString += $args[$i]
if ( ($i + 1) -lt $args.Length ) {
$argString += " "
}
}
$p = "-Command & "
$p += resolve-path($scriptPath)
$p += " $argString"
$psPath = Get-PowershellPath -use32:$use32
write-debug ("Running: $psPath $p")
Invoke-Admin $psPath $p -waitForExit:$waitForExit
}
TCP/IP Reset
WiFi adapter sees available network, however will not accept tcp/ip address. Attempting to reset winsock and ip stack may resolve the problem. Note, this information is one of many possible solutions that should only be attempted if you have a good working knowledge of the Windows OS network settings and services.
- Open a command prompt using the Run As Administrator option.
- Run the following commands individually in the listed order.
netsh winsock reset netsh int ip reset ipconfig /release ipconfig /renew ipconfig /flushdns
Teams
How to stop Aftershokz / Shokz headphones from beeping while muted
While Teams is muted, hold both VOLUME buttons (volume "+" and "-" at the same time) for about 3 seconds. You will hear MUTE OFF.
Transitioning from old to new
IPv4 ARP -> IPv6 Neighbors
netsh interface ipv6 show neighbors
# OUTPUT:
Interface 16: Wi-Fi
Internet Address Physical Address Type
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
fe80::2a80:88ff:efcd:8a41 28-80-88-dc-6a-41 Reachable(Router)
ipconfig -> PowerShell
Get-NetIPAddress
Get-NetIPAddress | Select-Object -Property InterfaceAlias,IPAddress
Get-NetIPConfiguration | Select-Object -Property InterfaceAlias,IPv4Address
Local admin rights
# This is the actual PowerShell command, however I have yet to see it run successfully:
Get-LocalGroupMember -Group Administrators
# This is the legacy command that works just fine:
net localgroup administrators
# To add an AzureAD user to the local administrators group:
net localgroup administrators AzureAD\[USERNAME] /add
#end
Useful MSSQL Queries
Show running queries
SELECT req.session_id,
req.status,
req.command,
req.cpu_time,
req.total_elapsed_time,
sqltext.TEXT
FROM sys.dm_exec_requests req
CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(sql_handle) AS sqltext
Kill running query
Get the session_id from the previous query, then use the KILL command:
KILL [session_id]
#end
Sysinternals
The Sysinternals web site was created in 1996 by Mark Russinovich to host his advanced system utilities and technical information. Whether you’re an IT Pro or a developer, you’ll find Sysinternals utilities to help you manage, troubleshoot and diagnose your Windows and Linux systems and applications.
Sysinternals Suite
$URL = "https://download.sysinternals.com/files/SysinternalsSuite.zip"
$OutFile = "C:\Scripts\Sysinternals\SysinternalsSuite.zip"
$OutPath = Split-Path -Path $OutFile
if (-not (Test-Path -Path $OutPath)) {
New-Item -Path $OutPath -ItemType Directory
Write-Output "Target folder $($OutPath) has been created."
}
Invoke-WebRequest -URI $URL -OutFile $OutFile
Expand-Archive -Path $OutFile -DestinationPath $OutPath
PsTools Suite
$URL = "https://download.sysinternals.com/files/PSTools.zip"
$OutFile = "C:\Scripts\Sysinternals\PSTools.zip"
$OutPath = Split-Path -Path $OutFile
if (-not (Test-Path -Path $OutPath)) {
New-Item -Path $OutPath -ItemType Directory
Write-Output "Target folder $($OutPath) has been created."
}
Invoke-WebRequest -URI $URL -OutFile $OutFile
Expand-Archive -Path $OutFile -DestinationPath $OutPath
Curated list
These are the ones that I use the most.
$DownloadPath = "C:\Scripts"
$SysinternalsFiles = @(
"procexp.chm",
"procexp.exe",
"procexp64.exe",
"procmon.exe",
"psexec.exe",
"pslist.exe",
"psservice.exe",
"tcpview.chm",
"tcpview.exe",
"tcpview64.exe"
)
if (-not (Test-Path -Path $DownloadPath)) {
New-Item -Path $DownloadPath -ItemType Directory
Write-Output "Target folder $($DownloadPath) has been created."
}
foreach ($AppFile in $SysinternalsFiles) {
Write-Output "$($AppFile)"
$outputFile = "$($DownloadPath)\$($AppFile)"
$URL = "https://live.sysinternals.com/$AppFile"
if (Test-Path -Path $outputFile) {
Remove-Item $outputFile
Write-Output " - deleted existing"
}
Write-Output " - downloading"
Invoke-WebRequest -URI $URL -OutFile $outputFile
Write-Output " - done"
}
-end
Power Automate
Teams webhook requests for Mezmo Alerts
Mezmo Webhook configuration
Content-Type: application/json
{
"title": "Mezmo - User account alert",
"summary": "{{ matches }} line(s) matched in {{ name }}",
"view": "{{ name }}",
"matches": "{{ matches }}",
"line": "{{ line }}",
"lines": "{{ lines }}",
"level": "{{ level }}",
"url": "{{ url }}",
"query": "{{ query }}",
"app": "{{ app }}",
"host": "{{ host }}",
"tag": "{{ tag }}"
}
Teams Workflow
Using the default Teams Workflow that was created failed because evidently the suggested content from Mezmo wasn't correct. I'm sure there's a way to craft the message properly straight from the Mezmo configuration so you can use the default Teams Workflow, but I haven't figured it out yet.
Instead, I went down the path of customizing the workflow in Power Automate and leveraging Compose to create the card I wanted (or at least as close as I've been able to get so far) with the data I'm sending from Mezmo via the Webhook.
Power Automate Workflow Edit
The screenshot below is the basic workflow.
Compose: createCard
JSON Parameters
{
"$schema": "http://adaptivecards.io/schemas/adaptive-card.json",
"version": "1.4",
"type": "AdaptiveCard",
"body": [
{
"type": "TextBlock",
"size": "Medium",
"weight": "Bolder",
"id": "Title",
"text": "@{triggerBody()?['title']}"
},
{
"type": "FactSet",
"facts": [
{
"title": "Summary",
"value": "@{triggerBody()?['summary']}"
},
{
"title": "View",
"value": "@{triggerBody()?['view']}"
},
{
"title": "Host",
"value": "@{triggerBody()?['host']}"
},
{
"title": "Query",
"value": "@{triggerBody()?['query']}"
},
{
"title": "Severity",
"value": "@{triggerBody()?['level']}"
}
]
},
{
"type": "TextBlock",
"id": "Line",
"text": "Line: @{triggerBody()?['line']}",
"wrap": true
},
{
"type": "Container",
"items": [
{
"type": "TextBlock",
"text": "Click to see all lines",
"weight": "Bolder",
"size": "Medium",
"color": "Accent"
},
{
"type": "ActionSet",
"actions": [
{
"type": "Action.ToggleVisibility",
"title": "Show Details",
"targetElements": [
"AllLinesExpanded"
]
}
]
},
{
"type": "Container",
"id": "AllLinesExpanded",
"isVisible": false,
"items": [
{
"type": "TextBlock",
"text": "@{triggerBody()?['lines']}",
"wrap": true
}
]
}
]
},
{
"type": "TextBlock",
"id": "URL",
"text": "[Link to logs](@{triggerBody()?['url']})",
"wrap": true
}
]
}
Resulting Teams Card
-end